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Introduction:
Valencia
(ancient Valentia), city in eastern Spain, capital
of Valencia autonomous region and of Valencia
Province, on a fertile plain near the mouth of
the Tura River in the Mediterranean Sea. It is
one of the largest cities in Spain and a centre
for agricultural marketing, manufacturing, and
communications, Sited across the Mediterranean
Sea.
History:
According
to the Roman historian Livy, Roman soldiers occupied
the site of Valencia in 138 bc. Pompey the Great
partly destroyed the city in 75 bc during his
campaign against the armies of the rebel leader
Quintus Sertorius. Valencia remained under Roman
control until ad 413, when it was captured by
the Visigoths. The Moors took it from the Visigoths
in 714, and in 1021 they made it the capital of
the independent kingdom of Valencia. Thereafter
Valencia shared the fortunes of the kingdom. The
city had a high level of prosperity until the
early 17th century, when a commercial decline
set in with the expulsion of Moorish traders.
During the Peninsular War, Valencia was held by
the French from 1812 to 1813. It was the capital
of the Republican government for a time during
the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939).