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Paris
Attractions of the city:
The varied
climate conjures up its own seasonal delights.
In summer, when the mercury rises, the locals
flock to the new Paris Plage, where a riverside
expressway is transformed into an oasis of swimming
pools, sand, and deckchairs. Springtime generally
between April and June is pleasant and best time
around the year to visit. In addition, with fewer
crowds and snow fall during the winter months
is another good time to come.
A temperate
climate exerts an important influence on the life
of the city, making it possible for pavement cafés,
open-air markets, and other colourful attributes
of the urban scene to be enjoyed throughout the
year.
Among districts of the city that have maintained
an individual character are the Latin Quarter,
or Left Bank, near the Seine, noted for educational
and cultural pursuits; the expensive residential
and commercial districts of the Right Bank near
the Champs-Élysées, such as Passy
and Auteuil; and the poorer working-class neighbourhoods
in the north-east of the city, including Belleville
and La Chapelle.
The highest
natural feature within the city proper is the
Butte de Montmartre, at 129 m (423 ft) above sea
level only.
The central
sections of Paris, like those of many European
cities, were built up long before any particular
need was felt for open or recreational space.
This circumstance, together with the height restrictions
on buildings (which often made land too expensive
for low-revenue public use), has resulted in an
unusually low ratio of "green space"
per inhabitant.
The largest
areas of open space today are those that were
protected from development by their status as
royal preserves. Outstanding among these is the
Bois de Boulogne, a tract of heavily used woods,
trails, lakes, and sports grounds, located on
the western edge of Paris. This park is mirrored
just beyond the eastern city limits by the Bois
de Vincennes, which contains a zoo, a floral garden,
and museums.
Within the city, important parks include the Luxembourg
Gardens and the Parc Monceau, both originally
royal preserves, and the parks of the Buttes Chaumont
and Montsouris, which were laid out in the mid-19th
century on the sites of old quarries. The botanical
garden, the Tuileries, and Champ de Mars are attractive
green areas that are more formally laid out than
the other parks.
Paris's
monumental architecture, dating from all periods
of its long history, reflects the city's political
and cultural status. Among the most important
older buildings are the Louvre, once a royal palace;
the Invalides, built as a soldiers' home by Louis
XIV and now containing Napoleon's tomb; the cathedral
of Notre Dame on the Île de la Cité,
which was begun in 1163; the nearby Sainte-Chapelle,
a magnificent 13th-century Gothic structure originally
built to house the Holy Crown of Thorns; and the
Place de la Concorde, laid out in the time of
Louis XV.
Paris was redesigned, during the mid-19th century,
under the direction of Baron Georges Haussmann,
and several grandiose projects were undertaken
to emphasize the city's significance.
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